Novel Physiotherapies and Physical Rehabilitation

Postoperative Physiotherapy Techniques

Postoperative physiotherapy is a critical component of recovery for patients undergoing surgical procedures, aiming to restore function, enhance mobility, and minimize complications. Effective rehabilitation techniques can significantly impact healing, improve outcomes, and facilitate a quicker return to daily activities. Here are key postoperative physiotherapy techniques. Encouraging early movement after surgery helps prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pneumonia, and muscle atrophy. Physiotherapists assess patient readiness and guide them in gradually increasing activity levels, starting with simple movements like sitting up and standing. Utilizing techniques like manual therapy, modalities (ice, heat, ultrasound), and guided relaxation can help manage postoperative pain. Effective pain control is essential to facilitate active participation in rehabilitation. Postoperative patients, especially those who have undergone thoracic or abdominal surgeries, benefit from deep breathing exercises. These exercises enhance lung expansion, improve oxygenation, and prevent atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue). Techniques like diaphragmatic breathing and incentive spirometry are commonly used. Gentle passive or active-assisted ROM exercises are introduced early to prevent stiffness and maintain joint mobility. Physiotherapists tailor these exercises based on the surgical site and patient condition, ensuring movements are within safe limits. Once pain is managed and mobility is established, physiotherapists incorporate progressive strengthening exercises. These may include isometric contractions, resistance bands, or light weights, focusing on specific muscle groups affected by the surgery.